What does "proximal" mean in the study of anatomy?

In the study of anatomy, "proximal" is a term used to indicate a position that is closer to a point of reference, especially in relation to the trunk of the body or the beginning of a limb. This term is frequently used in contrasting anatomical orientations, such as proximal versus distal, where distal refers to a position farther away from the reference point.

When discussing limbs, for example, the shoulder is proximal to the elbow because it is closer to the center of the body. Understanding this terminology is essential in anatomy, as it helps in accurately describing locations of structures, their relationships, and the direction of movements in the body. The other terms offered, while they describe different orientations or positions, do not convey the concept of proximity in relation to a reference point.